Legal Aspects of International Trade and Enterprises samples for Stud

Question: Examine About Legal Aspects Of International Trade And Enterprises? Answer: Introducation: A significant Australian organization in its retailing industry is Woolworths Limited and the organization has broad retail interests across New Zealand, just as, Australia (Reuters, 2017). As far as its income, the organization is the second biggest one in the country, and is simply behind the aggregate situated in Perth, Wesfarmers Limited. Additionally, Woolworths is the second biggest organization in New Zeeland moreover. The organization is additionally the biggest lodging and gaming poker machine administrator, the biggest takeaway alcohol retailer in the country, and universally, the organization remained at nineteenth situation over the world for the time of 2008. The worldwide home office of the organization is situated in Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia (Woolworths Group, 2017a). The organization has been recorded for more than twenty years in the Australian Securities Exchange, which is ASX in short (ASX, 2017). It is an open organization and has been positioned as second out of 2,000 organizations in the country. Most of the pay of the organization is created from the markets and the stores which Woolworths has in Australia. Counting its deals and the other income, the organization produced all out income, for the time of 2016, of $58,563,300,000 (IBIS, 2016). For the time of 2016, the organization had 205000 representatives in Australia and New Zealand, and this figure was comprehensive of the workers from the entirety of the auxiliaries which are heavily influenced by Woolworths Limited. The organization utilizes more than 2,200 indigenous individuals in Australia. There are more than 79,000 youthful representatives in the organization (Woolworths Group, 2016a). Woolworths Supermarkets utilizes in a group of 111,000 Australians (Woolworths Group, 2017b). The Chief Executive of the organization has been given the official title of Chief Executive Office and the Managing Director and the position is held by Mr. Brad Banducci. The Chairman of the organization has been given the official title of Non-Executive Chairman and this position is held by Mr. Gordon Cairns. The organization works as the retailer of home improvement, food, general product, petroleum and alcohol, alongside having its tasks in the part of gaming and neighborliness (IBIS, 2016). The fundamental business tasks of the gathering have been arranged in various divisions. Markets and Petrol is one of such divisions. The organization has 530 gas station through its co-brands Caltex Safeway outlets and Caltex Woolworths; 184 Countdown markets which are situated in New Zealand; 992 Woolworths Supermarkets; and 5 Thomas Dux supermarkets. Huge W is another division of Woolworths, and the organization works 186 Big W diverse markdown departmental stores in the country, and is a retailer of wellbeing magnificence items, pet food, car goods,software, outdoor supplies, toys, apparel, homewares, books,stationery, andhardware. In its Hotels division, through Australian Leisure Hospitality Group, which is significantly held as the companys auxiliary, Woolworths works 331 authorized scenes, alongside the gaming activities all through the country. The organization additionally works in the homeware and attire inventory showcase by the name of Ezibuy, which is an omnichannel ret ailer and is the provider of various items (IBIS, 2016). Administrative Framework of Australia All the organizations which are fused in Australia or which have their activities in the country are required to submit to various administrative system, in type of enactments, their related guidelines, and the codes. The pertinence of these is represented by the administrative bodies, having the obligation regarding same. As Woolworths is a significant organization in Australia, it needs to follow a scope of various administrative structures, some of which have been expressed underneath. Woolworths is enrolled as an organization in Australia, which makes the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth), pertinent on the organization. Because of the appropriateness of this demonstration, Woolworths is required to follow the arrangements in regards to the arrangement of the chiefs, their obligations, and the name of the organization, the notice of the organization, the imperative exposures and the different gatherings (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). The proof of this demonstration can be seen through the 2016 Annual Report of Woolworths, where the organization made the divulgence according to area 299A(1) of this demonstration. This specific exposure was made in understanding to the ASIC Regulatory Guide 247 Effective Disclosure in an Operating and Financial Review (RG 247), which was given in March 2013 (Woolworths Group, 2016a). The necessities of the autonomy of the examiners were not penetrated and the arrangements of this demonstration were appropriately followed, notwithstanding the ones set out in the Code of Conduct APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants gave by the Accounting Professional Ethical Standards Board. Indeed, even the merged fiscal summary of the Woolworths Group had been set up according to this demonstration, notwithstanding the IFRS, which represents International Financial Reporting Standards, and the Australian Accounting Standards and Interpretations. In accordance with the segment 295A of the Corporations Act 2001, the executives made the revelations in the companys yearly report. The organization was likewise in consistence with the area 300A of this demonstration (Woolworths Group, 2016a). The organization needed to confront critical expenses because of the adjustments in the Workplace wellbeing and security guidelines which are appropriate on the organization. As Woolworths has its tasks in NSW, it needs to stick to the enactment in type of Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (NSW), the guideline in type of Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011 (NSW), the codes in type of NSW Codes of Practice, and the controller for these is SafeWork NSW (Business, 2017a). Under the law of Commonwealth of Australia, alongside its states and domains, the companys tasks are exposed to a scope of natural guidelines. Subsequently, Woolworths is required to satisfy the necessities set out under the Environment Protection Act 1970 and Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Business, 2017b). However, no liabilities were acquired by the gathering under any of the pertinent ecological enactments. The companys monetary report, for the time of 2016, was set up according to the Corporations Regulations 2001, alongside the Australian Accounting Standards (Woolworths Group, 2016a). Worldwide Treaties, Covenants and Agreements At the point when any association works in a worldwide situation, a plenty of enactments, arrangements, pledges and global understandings become pertinent on it. As Woolworths has it tasks in both Australia and New Zealand, various global laws become appropriate on it. Some of such universal structures appropriate on Woolworths have been summed up beneath. A global arrangement, which is material on the worldwide organizations, is the general bargain of the UN, otherwise called United Nations, by the name of the United Nations Charter. The obligations and privileges of the entirety of the countries are secured under the UN Charter. It sets out different exercises as the residential duty of the countries. In any case, on occasion, these are combined with certain impediments, in light of global affirmations, enactments, bargains and shows. The bases of these are the fringe improvement of the common assets, which has the effect on different condition related exercises (Garner, 2017). The organization has a tremendous base of human asset. What's more, thus, the organization clings to the Stockholm Declaration. The complete name for Stockholm the Declaration is United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm 1972. Also, it progresses in the direction of the collaborations which the people have with nature. The Stockholm Declaration comprises of twenty seven standards, which incorporate human rights to be appropriately attested, sticking to the ecological strategies, protecting of common assets and natural life, holding the contamination under check, helping the creating countries, improving the earth through turn of events, and different arrangements (Dodds, Strauss and Strong, 2012). A developing need of the current day is the adherence to the standards of corporate administration. Great corporate administration held in keeping up the certainty of the market, alongside the uprightness of the business. The OECD, i.e., Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development sets out specific standards in such manner, which are known as the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. These standards go about as a solid towards speculation being an amazing driver of development (OECD, 2015). Despite the fact that the standards given by the OECD are not legitimately relevant over Woolworths, the organization deliberately embraces a portion of its standards, in type of its own Corporate Governance Framework. Further, the organization takes the attracted approaches and records this respect, truly and rehearses the equivalent. The organization discharges a Corporate Governance Statement every year, which sets out the administration system which is embraced by the Groups Board. This Statement additionally incorporates subtleties of the work done in such manner over the earlier years (Woolworths Group, 2017c). The organization receives a Securities Trading Policy which helps in both advancing and keeping up the notoriety of the organization. This is the outcome why the organization has gained notoriety for fantastic corporate administration, reasonable managing and consistence in the protections, which incorporate the exhibition rights, choices and offers. Being submitted towards the wellbeing, security, just as, prosperity of its partners, which incorporate colleagues, guests, clients, colleagues and contractual workers, the organization had drawn a Safety and Health Policy. In accordance with these, the organization has drawn a Code of Conduct and the Board Charter (Woolworths Group, 2017c).

Plasmodium Essay Example Essay Example

Plasmodium Essay Example Paper Plasmodium Essay Introduction Life Cycle of Plasmodium vivax (Malarial Parasite) Systematie Position Kingdom : Protista Phylum : Protozoa Class : Sporozoa Genus : Plasmodium Species : vivax Habit s and living space:- Plasmodium is an intracellular sporozoan parasite causing intestinal sickness in man. The parasite lives in the RBC’s and liver cells of man and nutritious trench and salivary organs of female Anopheles mosquito. Structure:- Structure of plasmodium is various phases of its life cycle. A completely developed malarial parasite is amoeboid and uninucleated structure known as trophozoite. Trophozoite is encircled by twofold layered plasma lemma. Cytoplasm contains Palade’s granules, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, mitochondria, vesicles and vacuoles having haemozoin. Cytoplasm contains core having nucleolus and granular nucleoplasm. Life Cycle ofPlasmodiumvivax Hosts:- Plasmodium finishes its lifecycle in two hosts (digenetic): Man and female Anopheles mosquito. 1. Essential or conclusive host: Female Anopheles mosquito is the essential host of Plasmodium where it finishes its sexual life cycle. 2. Optional or Intermediate host: Man is the auxiliary host of plasmodium where it finishes its agamic life cycle. The lifecycle of Plasmodium can be separated into three stages: 1. Abiogenetic sehizogony 2. Sexual gamogony 3. Agamic sporogony ASEXUAL CYCLE OF Plasmodium, IN MAN Infective type of Plasmodium is known as sporozoites. Sporozoites are 11-12â µ long slim, uni-nucleated. Sickle-molded structure present in the salivary organs of contaminated mosquito. At the point when a contaminated female Anopheles mosquito nibbles a solid man, an enormous number of sporozoites go into the circulatory system of man. Inside thirty minutes, sporozoites enter the liver cells and experience abiogenetic increase called schizogony. 1. Agamic Schizogony:- Plasmodium Essay Body Paragraphs Schizogony is the agamic period of generation of Plasmodium. It happens in liver cells and RBC’s of man. Schizogony can be partitioned into following stages: a) Pre-erythrocytic schizogony b) Exo-erythrocytic schizogony c) Erythrocytic schizogony d) Post-erythrocytic schizogony a. Pre-erythrocytic schizogony: In the liver cells, sporozoites develop to shape a huge and circular schizont. Schizont isolates by numerous splitting and structures an enormous number of cryptozoites. They may either go into the blood dissemination to begin erythrocytic schizogony or enter new liver cells to begin Exo-erythrocytic schizogony. Pre-erythrocytic schizogony takes 8 days to finish. b. Exo-erythrocytic schizogony: After reappearing new liver cell each cryptozoites partitions to shape countless metacryptozoites like pre-erythrocytic schizogony. Meta-cryptozoites are two sorts: Smaller miniaturized scale metacryptozoites and bigger large scale metacryptozoites. The miniaturized scale metacrypt ozoites enter the RBC’s to begin erythrocytic schizogony, while the large scale metacryptozoites attack new liver cells to proceed exo-erythrocytic schizogony. It takes regularly 4 days to finish. c. Erythrocytic schizogony:- As expressed over, the erythrocytic schizogony starts when the RBC’s of blood are assaulted either by pre-erythrocytic cryptozoites or by exo-erythrocytic smaller scale metacryptozoites. It takes typically in 8 to 12 days after over 2 stages. Phases of erythrocytic schizogony are: I. Trophozoite Stage:- The merozoites (cryptozoites and miniaturized scale metacryptozoites) subsequent to going into the circulation system, feed on erythrocytes, become adjusted and change into trophozoite. ii. Seal Ring Stage:- As the merozoites grow a vacuole shows up in the middle and the core is pushed to the other side. It gives a ring like appearance and known as seal ring stage. The parasite ingests hemoglobin and breaks down it into protein and haematin. Protei n is use as food though unused haematin structures harmful. Yellowish earthy colored malarial shade, haemozoin. iii. Amoeboid Stage: †As the seal ring parasite develops, vacuole vanishes and the parasite gets amoeboid in appearance, pushing out pseudopodial forms. This stage is called amoeboid stage. At this stage RBC builds up various granules, the Schuffner’s granules. iv. Schizont Stage:- Parasite develops in size, gets adjusted and totally fills the RBC called Schizont. . Rosette Stage:- The core of schizont partitions by different splitting to frame 6 to 24 girl cores. These cores mastermind at the outskirts, while the harmful haemozoin granules aggregate at the focal point of RBC. It shows up as a blossom rose, alleged rosette stage. Cores of rosette stage are encircled by a little cytoplasm and are form into merozoites. With the crack of the RBC, these merozoites are freed into the blood plasma alongside poisonous haemozoin. These regularly assault new RBC’ s to rehash the erythrocytic cycle or may change into gametocytes. One complete erythrocytic cycle takes 48 hours in Plasmodium vivax. d. Post-erythrocytic schizogony:- Sometimes, a few merozoites created in erythrocytic schizogony arrive at the liver cells and experience schizogony advancement in liver cells. This is called post-erythrocytic schizogony. SEXUAL CYCLE OF Plasmodium in MAN 2. Sexual Gamogony:- Formulation of gametocytes: After numerous ages in around 4-5 is the blood a few merozoites increment in size to frame two sorts of gametocytes; bigger full scale (9-10â µ), less various and contain huge core. Full scale gametocytes are bigger (10-12â µ), increasingly various and contain littler core. SEXUAL CYCLE OF Plasmodium IN MOSQUITO When a female Anopheles sucks the blood of an intestinal sickness understanding, the gametocytes arrive at the stomach of mosquito and development of gametes accept royal residence as follows: a. Gametogenesis (gemetogony) : Process of detai ling of gametes (male and female gametes). I. Plan of male gametes: The core of microgametocyte partitions to frame 6-8 girl cores. The cytoplasm gives out same number of flagella like projections and little girl cores enter in every projection. These projections separate from the cytoplasm and structure 6-8 haploid microgamete or male gametes. This procedure of development of microgamete is called exflagellation. ii. Arrangement of female gamete:- The super gametocyte experiences some rearrangement to shape a solitary haploid uber gamete or female gamete which is prepared for preparation. b. Preparation: The male gamete enters the female gamete through the treatment cone framed at female gamete and structure diploid zygote or synkaryon. Combination is anisogamous. c. Ookinete stage: The zygote stays idle for here and there and afterward lengthens into a worm like Ookinete or vermicule, which is motile. The Ookinete infiltrates the stomach divider and comes to lie underneath its ext ernal epithelial layer. d. Oocyst stage: The Ookinete gets encased in a pimple. The encysted zygote is called Oocyst. The Oocyst retains sustenance and develops in size. 3. Abiogenetic Sporogony The core of Oocyst partitions over and over to frame an enormous number of haploid girl cores. Simultaneously, the cytoplasm creates vacuoles and gives various cytoplasmic masses. The little girl cores go into each cytoplasmic mass and form into thin sickle-molded sporozoites are framed in each Oocyst. This period of abiogenetic duplication is known as sporogony. In conclusion, the Oocyet brusts and sporozoites are freed into the haemolymph of the mosquito. They spread all through the haemolymph and in the long run arrive at the salivary organs and enter the pipe of the hypopharyx. The mosquito is presently gets infective and sporozoites get vaccinated or infused the human blood when the mosquito nibbles. The cycle is rehashed. In mosquito entire sexual cycle is finished in 10-12 days. Brood ing period: The period among disease and the presence of first manifestations is called hatching period. It is around 10-14 days in Plasmodium vivax. Pre-patent period: The span between the underlying sporozoites disease and the main appearance of parasites in the blood is called as pre-patent period. It takes around 8 days in Plasmodium vivax. Side effects of intestinal sickness †¢ Mouth gets dry, queasiness and loss of hunger †¢ Headache, solid agony and joint torment †¢ Chill, fever (106â ° F) and perspiring all like clockwork. †¢ Chill to perspiring goes on for 8-10 hours. Liver and spleen become broadened. †¢ Due to loss of RBC’s sickliness is caused. Control of intestinal sickness Malaria can be constrained by three different ways 1. Annihilation of vector 2. Avoidance of infection(prophylaxis) 3. Treatment of patient 4. Open mindfulness 1. Devastation of vector (Anopheles mosquito) †¢ Mosquito can be murdered by splashing DDT, BHC, Dieldr in, Malathion and so on †¢ Filling up trench, canals and pits where the mosquito breeds. †¢ Water surface can be harmed by spreading lamp fuel oil, oil and so forth †¢ A speedly stream of water forestalls the mosquito hatchling and pupa prospering. Natural control: Certain fishes (trouts, minnows, stickle back), ducks, mythical serpent flies and so forth feed on hatchling and pupa of mosquito. 2. Anticipation of contamination (Prophylaxis) †¢ Use of mosquito nets. †¢ Screening entryways, windows and ventilators. †¢ Using mosquito repellent creams (e. g. odomus), against mosquito tangle (e. g. Supermat) and so on 3. Treatment of patient: There are a few medications that execute various phases of parasite in tolerant. The most seasoned medication is Quinine; Paludrine murders practically all phases of parasite. Daraprism (single portion of 25 mg) is the best medication. Compose short note on Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum causes threatening t ertian sort of intestinal sickness. Fever reccurs consistently or third day, that is, following 36 to 48 hours. Passing rate is exceptionally high in light of the fact that the contaminated red blood corpuscles will in general cluster into masses, along these lines obstructing veins of inner organs, for example, mind, spleen, lungs, and so forth. It is otherwise called the tropical pestilence jungle fever of man. Exo-erythrocytic schizogony is

Intercultural Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intercultural Relations - Essay Example In any case, pundits accept something else. Highlighting its â€Å"anarchic and serious character† (Cox 2), they rather observe globalization â€Å"an exploitative phenomenon† (Prempeh 586) that â€Å"has frequently propagated neediness, augmented material disparities, expanded environmental debasement, supported militarism, divided networks, minimized subjected gatherings, took care of bigotry and extended emergencies of democracy† (Scholte 53). These unfavorable impacts of globalization as exemplified in the accompanying terms: â€Å"disempowerment, underestimation, prohibition and inequality† (Prempeh 596) develop and energize racial segregation, particularly so that generally bigotry has been a compelling device in justifying and concealing misuse (Shah, area 1, standard. 2; Sivanandan, standard. 1) for the amazing. Globalization advocates gladly guarantee globalization has leveled the playing field for all countries and races in practically all circles of life; consequently, it has risen above country expresses; that today we are more than our nationality however residents of the world †we are a cosmopolitan †a multi-social world liberated from national preferences. With this blushing picture being painted about globalization, this world could have been a superior and more secure spot to live in. Be that as it may, at that point, for what reason do we have monster things, for example, ethnic strains/wars (â€Å"Greek Albanians† BBC News), racial profiling (Monbiot, standard. 2), racial violations like racial bombarding (â€Å"Racist bomb† BBC News) and race riots (â€Å"Spain Struggles† BBC News), and war on fear mongering (Bidwai, standard. 18-19)? With these dreary pictures far and wide, against globalization powers see globalization only a device of neo-liberal market powers to efficiently abuse the economy of the world through â€Å"racism, sexism, xenophobia, and other oppressions† (Gorski 4). Whenever, anyplace and at any rate, bigotry is abhorrent. It is harming as it undermines individuals by

History of Film - 6962 Words

Plays and dances had elements common to films- scripts, sets, lighting, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, and scores. They preceded film by thousands of years. Much terminology later used in film theory and criticism applied, such as mise en scà ¨ne. Moving visual images and sounds were not recorded for replaying as in film. The camera obscura was pioneered by Alhazen in his Book of Optics (1021),[2][3][4] and was later perfected near the year 1600 by Giambattista della Porta. Light is inverted through a small hole or lens from outside, and projected onto a surface or screen, creating a projected moving image, indistinguishable from a projected high quality film to an audience, but it is not preserved in a†¦show more content†¦[7] After this date, the Edison company developed its own form of projector, as did various other inventors. Some of these used different film widths and projection speeds, but after a few years the 35-mm wide Edison film, and the 16-frames-per-second projection speed of the Lumià ¨re Cinà ©matographe became standard. The other important American competitor was the American Mutoscope Biograph Company, which used a new camera designed by Dickson after he left the Edison company. [8] At the Chicago 1893 World s Columbian Exposition, Muybridge gave a series of lectures on the Science of Animal Locomotion in the Zoopraxographical Hall, built specially for that purpose in the Midway Plaisance arm of the exposition. He used his zoopraxiscope to show his moving pictures to a paying public, making the Hall the very first commercial movie theater.[5] William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, chief engineer with the Edison Laboratories, is credited with the invention of a practicable form of a celluloid strip containing a sequence of images, the basis of a method of photographing and projecting moving images.[citation needed] Celluloid blocks were thinly sliced, then removed with heated pressure plates. After this, they were coated with a photosensitive gelatin emulsion.[citation needed] In 1893 at the Chicago World s Fair, Thomas Edison introduced to the public two pioneering inventions based on this innovation; the Kinetograph -Show MoreRelatedBlockbuster History Films Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesHistory films have often been criticised by academics and journalists as inaccurate depictions of the past. 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Los 10 mejores países para emigrar

Estos son 10 paà ­ses que deben ser considerados a la hora de emigrar, bien porque admiten a muchos emigrantes o por sus facilidades o porque brindan programas interesantes. Los paà ­ses se listan por orden alfabà ©tico, pero cada uno brinda puntos a favor y otros en contra, por lo que cada persona deberà ¡ valorarlos en su conjunto y ver lo que mejor se ajusta a sus intereses y realidades. Australia Australia tiene un triple sistema para admitir emigrantes: peticiones familiares, razones humanitarias o por trabajo. Esto à ºltimo es lo que se conoce como Skilled Stream. La emigracià ³n a Australia por razones laborales puede ser con una visa temporal, en cuyo caso siempre se necesita un patrocinador o puede ser con una tarjeta de residencia permanente, en cuyo caso se admiten varias posibilidades: patrocinio de empresa o de una regià ³n australiana o incluso sin necesidad de patrocinio en lo que se conoce como Skilled Independent Visa.   En la actualidad es frecuente que se obtenga primero una visa temporal y que à ©sta sirva de trampolà ­n para sacar mà ¡s tarde una permanente. Asimismo, en la actualidad los campos laborales a los que pertenecen la mayorà ­a de los emigrantes temporales y permanentes que son admitidos en Australia son IT, ingenierà ­a, contabilidad, enfermerà ­a, medicina y educacià ³n. Canadà ¡ El gobierno federal tiene 3 programas para aprobar la residencia permanente a emigrantes con habilidades especiales. Son el FSTP, el FSWP y el CEC. Es un sistema basado en puntos en el que que se tienen en consideracià ³n factores como la edad de los candidatos, sus conocimientos de los idiomas inglà ©s y/o francà ©s, su experiencia laboral y el nivel de estudios. En la actualidad para aplicar se debe solicitar a travà ©s del Sistema Exprà ©s.   Ademà ¡s, Canadà ¡ tambià ©n brinda la oportunidad de emigrar temporalmente a travà ©s de dos programas. En primer lugar el TFWP, que requiere de una oferta laboral por parte de una empresa canadiense, y en segundo lugar el IMP, que està ¡ regulado por acuerdos internacionales. Ademà ¡s, las provincias de Canadà ¡ regulan sus propias posibilidades para emigrar. Canadà ¡ tambià ©n brinda la posibilidad de obtener una visa para crear una start-up.  Para ello es necesario obtener una inversià ³n mà ­nima de 200 mil dà ³lares canadienses si el inversor es un fondo designado de capital venture o de 75 mil, si proviene de un grupo de angel investors. Por otro lado, el gobierno federal ya no mantiene el programa pasado de visa por inversià ³n. Sin embargo, la provincia de Quebec sà ­ que lo mantiene. Finalmente, otro punto a favor de Canadà ¡ es que los trà ¡mites para la residencia permanente se demoran, en un 80 por ciento de los casos, menos de 6 meses. Bà ©lgica Este pequeà ±o paà ­s amerita ser destacado en esta lista porque permite obtener una visa temporal para buscar empleo en el paà ­s para personas con un alto grado de especializacià ³n aplicando por lo que se conoce como Blue Card, lo cual es un hecho altamente infrecuente. Destacar que 3 centros distintos gestionan estas visas, segà ºn se busque en la parte de habla francesa, en la flamenca o en Bruselas. Chile Sà ³lo el 2 por ciento de la poblacià ³n chilena nacià ³ en otro paà ­s. Sin embargo es un destino atrayente para las personas interesadas en crear una start-up. Cada aà ±o se celebran tres competiciones y en cada una de ellas se da visa a 100 empresarios, ademà ¡s de capital y acceso a redes y programas de mentores.   Desde que se creà ³ el programa han emigrado a Chile casi 1000 empresarios de mà ¡s de 35 paà ­ses. Dinamarca Este paà ­s que forma parte de la Unià ³n Europea brinda a un mà ¡ximo de 50 personas por aà ±o la posibilidad de emigrar para fundar una start-up. A pesar de que es un nà ºmero muy pequeà ±o se incluye Dinamarca en este artà ­culo porque sus condiciones son atractivas, ya que no exige inversià ³n mà ­nima, tan sà ³lo que el fundador tenga capacidad para sostenerse. Ademà ¡s, abre las puertas a aceleradores, fondos de inversià ³n y centros de investigacià ³n daneses. Las peticiones, que deben ser aprobadas por un panel de expertos, deben ser escalables y relacionadas con la tecnologà ­a, teniendo preferencia las de los sectores de Ciencias, ICT (tecnologà ­as de la comunicacià ³n e informacià ³n) y energà ­as limpias y sostenibles. Estados Unidos Cada aà ±o fiscal Estados Unidos aprueba aproximadamente 1 millà ³n de nuevas tarjetas de residencia. Sin embargo, la mayorà ­a de ellas se obtienen por una peticià ³n por parte de un familiar, el cual puede ser un ciudadano americano o un residente permanente legal. Si bien hay otras formas de obtener la codiciada green card. Ademà ¡s, Estados Unidos mantiene un sistema complejo de distintas categorà ­as de visas de trabajo temporal tanto para personas altamente capacitadas como para migrantes para trabajos donde no se requiere especialidad. Asimismo, el programa de visa de intercambio J-1 permite trabajar en situaciones muy diversas, como por ejemplo, mà ©dico, nià ±era, maestro, prà ¡cticas para egresados, staff de campamento de verano, etc. Nueva Zelanda El 20 por ciento de la poblacià ³n de este paà ­s nacià ³ en otro lo que muestra la importancia de la emigracià ³n en Nueva Zelanda. Se brinda varias posibilidades para emigrar, incluidos 3 programas por inversià ³n a partir de 100 dà ³lares locales (aproximadamente $55,000 dà ³lares americanos). Tambià ©n se pueden obtener visas o residencias permanentes por trabajo, particularmente en profesiones en los que siempre hay demanda en Nueva Zelanda, como se muestran en las listas oficiales para empleos con deficiencia de personas que pueden optar al trabajo de manera inmediata o a largo plazo. Programas en Europa para atraer empresarios para crear start ups Existen varios programas para atraer a empresarios no comunitarios entre los que destacan el French Ticket, en Francia, el STEP de Irlanda, el UK Entrepreneur Visas en Reino Unido, el Start-up visa de Italia, que requiere una inversià ³n mà ­nima de 50 mil euros, el Star-up de Holanda, que permite en una de sus modalidades el autoempleo, la Ley de Emprendedores de Espaà ±a. Tarjeta Azul Europea Tambià ©n conocida como EU Blue Card y es el equivalente europeo a la green card de Estados Unidos en muchos aspectos. La pueden solicitar personas con un alto grado de especializacià ³n y que no son nacionales de los paà ­ses de la Unià ³n Europea. Los siguientes paà ­ses pueden emitir la Blue Card: Austria, Bà ©lgica, Bulgaria, Croacia, Eslovaquia, Espaà ±a, Estonia, Finlandia, Francia, Grecia, Holanda, Hungrà ­a, Italia, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburgo, Malta, Polonia, Portugal, Repà ºblica Checa, Rumanà ­a y Suecia. Uruguay A este paà ­s sudamericano es fà ¡cil emigrar, ya que al ingresar no piden billete de regreso ni mà ­nimo de dinero. Una vez dentro es posible regularizar fà ¡cilmente la situacià ³n solicitando una cà ©dula provisional, la cual permite buscar trabajo durante un aà ±o. Entre los documentos que se necesitarà ¡n està ¡ el de certificado de nacimiento, historial de penales y los tà ­tulos acadà ©micos, los cuales deben tener la apostilla de La Haya. Si bien es cierto que emigrar a Uruguay no es complicado deben tenerse en cuenta ciertos factores antes de mudarse al paà ­s, como es el hecho de que los salarios son bajos y el nivel de vida es caro. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Liberal Arts Education Becoming A Successful Consultant...

The perception of Liberal Arts education has started to evolve over the years. Initially, Liberal Arts education was considered as a form of elitist education where nobles tried to expand on their knowledge on different topics rather than developing certain skills. However, as time is passing Liberal Arts education is becoming synonymous with personal development and critical thinking. While some people still believe that for a secure financial standing practical education such as going to a business school is rudimentary, the idea of attaining Liberal Arts education for personal development is spreading too. With the help of this memo I would like to expand on how attaining a Liberal Arts education is preparing to become a successful consultant at Boston Consulting Group. Before jumping in to how Liberal Arts education in preparing me for my career, I would like to explain to what Liberal Arts education means to me. According to my interpretation, Liberal Arts education tries to focus on the bigger picture rather than focusing on certain aspects. As an economics major, I am able to take courses that help me understand the economics system in depth, while at the same time I can choose certain courses that could be help me go into depth in topics I hold interest in. As a consultant, one of the most important skill to have is critical thinking. Attaining a Liberal Arts education has forced me to develop my critical thinking skills. Since Liberal Arts education is on theShow MoreRelatedFrom Salvation to Self-Realization18515 Words   |  75 Pagesconsumption-oriented society dominated by bureaucratic corporations. 1 2It is easy to exaggerate the suddenness or completeness of this transformation. Early on it occurred primarily within the official norms and expectations of the dominant social groups-and even there it was halting and only half conscious. 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Case Study of Gogal Design

Question: Investigate online business models to identify a suitable model for GOGAL Designs.Identify and discuss a suitable marketing and promotion strategy and discuss the benefits and challenges of your recommended strategy for GOGAL Designs.Develop a wireframe (using the tools provided on the Study Desk) of the proposed website with at least three pages that shows how it will present to potential customers.Describe and discuss the implications of the legal and ethics issues that might arise in conducting this business online.Explain the technology infrastructure, including the hardware requirements, which would be required.Identify and explain the purpose and function of the type of software that would be suitable for GOGAL Designs.Identify the advantages and challenges of taking this organisation online. Answer: Introduction In this era of globalization, organizations have expanded beyond domestic boundaries. There was a time when suppliers and customers were limited to a single geography only. That was the time when majority of the business was done in brick and mortar shops. With the advancements of technology and spread of Internet and e commerce there has been a trend of online shopping. With the penetration of mobile network and smart phones, online shopping has got further push. The companies like Amazon and e-Bay have been able to expand themselves in different parts of the world. This expansion has been possible only because of e commerce (Houghton, 2006). There has been a tremendous growth in ecommerce and digital channels. It has become important for companies to adapt to online channel.As mentioned in the case study, Gogal Design has got appreciation from customers and most of the customers of Gogal are in the age of 18 to 45 years. This is the segment that has huge presence on web and interne t. Customers of Gogal have also encouraged Gogal to come online. It is important that Gogal should develop its website through which customers would be able to buy the product. Developing website and starting the distribution would involve certain risks. It is important for management of Gogal to overcome the risk by effective planning. There would be both internal and external risks to this project. The external risks could be managed by IT Development Company but Gogal would have to manage its internal risks. One of the most important issues would be the change management issue. It is important that Gogal should convenience its employees that this change is for good (Ballantine, 2005). Moreover, Gogal has witnessed a decline in revenue. This could be possible because company has not been able to expand in online domain. Therefore it is important that Gogal should expand into online space and launch its website. The objective of this report is to investigate online business models to identify a suitable model for GOGAL Designs. This report would also focus to discuss legal, ethical and technological challenges that should be taken care of. This report would also highlight the various software, hardware and environmental requirements. Analysis One of the most important drivers for Gogal to enter into online domain is the targeted customers. The company has targeted the customers from 18 to 45 years. This is the technology oriented crowd that focuses to buying products online. This is the crowd that would always want to save some cost and save can be cost using online medium. Today people may not prefer to go around searching some items if they can get those items by a single click on their smart phone. E commerce or online shopping channel is a recommended medium because it is convenient and it is cost effective. Gogal should be able to make up for the reduce revenue if it can gather a customer base through online channel. The company should ensure that it has a market entry strategy in place and it should ensure that it has the required support from internal and external stakeholders of the company. It is also important that Gogal should join hands with a logistic partner which can help Gogal to manage the distribution of goods. One of an important consideration in online business model is to manage logistics and distribution. Smart phones and tablets have further changed the environment of online shopping industry. Therefore it is important that Gogal must also have a mobile application that could be used by customers to make orders. The company must have an android and an i-OS application that could be downloaded by customers for free. It is also important for Gogal to perform the market analysis and to study the competitors. It is expected that Gogal would have to reduce the prices of its products in order to match the prices of competitors. Therefore, it is important for Gogal to realize and define its revenue model in online channel. It could be possible that in the initial years, Gogal is not able to realize any profit from online channel. In, initial couple of years, Gogal would focus to increase the user base. The revenue model of Gogal in online space can be discussed as: Online Business Revenue Model In business, revenue typically consists of the total amount of money received by the company for goods sold or services provided during a certain time period.Therefore, revenue models are a part of the business mode. Setting up an online business requires a great deal of effort (Rhee, 2010). One of the important concerns is to understand and conceptualize the way revenue would be generated. It is important that Gogal should not make a sudden jump from brick and mortar business model to e commerce business model. It is important that Gogal must emphasis on e commerce business channel but this transition should happen in phases. The case study highlights that Gogal has presence in 50 cities. Gogal can start the pilot project in couple of cities and then the e commerce project can be rolled out in other regions also. The business model for Gogal in immediate future would be to start with e commerce in couple of cities. Once the website is ready and company has identified the logistics partner for these cities it should expand in other areas. The business model for short term and long term can be defined as: At present All brick and mortar In next 6 months 20% e commerce, 80% brick and mortar In next 18 months 50% e commerce, 50 % brick and mortar The 18 months time frame would also enable Gogal to review its expansion into Gogal. The advantages and disadvantages of phased transition can be discussed as: Advantages The phased form of transition from brick and mortar shops to online space would enable Gogal to learn from its mistakes. For example, Gogal can learn from the mistakes from its pilot project in 2 cities. The company would ensure that the same mistakes are not repeated. It would be less costly to have a phased and systematic approach of transition. This would Gogal would be able to use its money effectively. Overall it would be less risky to have a phased approach of transition. In this approach, Gogal would always have an option of reverting back to original state. This option may not be present in big bang approach of transition. Disadvantages One of the disadvantages with this approach is that it takes a longer time to reach the targeted state of being an established e commerce player. Another disadvantage is that competitors would realize the strategy of Gogal and they can change their offerings accordingly. This option would include offshoring and outsourcing. This is also a risk. The above model suggests that in the initial period revenue would be realized with a combination of offline and online medium. This business model is less risk and an effective because model as in the initial period offline business model would be able to provide the investment on online medium space. Marketing and Promotional strategy It can be said that marketing and promotional strategies would be the key that could determine the success of Gogal in online medium. The designer clothing company is a competitive industry and it is important that Gogal should understand that marketing should not be considered as an overhead function. Marketing would be crucial to popularize the website of Gogal. It is important that Gogal should focus on internet marketing and social media marketing. Again the targeted customers for Gogal lie in the age group of 18 to 45 years. This is the customer set that uses social media websites like Facebook and Twitter. It is important that Gogal should target customers through social media channels (Anthony, 2007). The media persons of Gogal would have to be heavily involved to support marketing activities of Gogal. Marketing Mix It is also important that Gogal should define a powerful marketing mix that would act as the baseline for marketing strategy of Gogal. The marketing mix that should be used by Gogal in order to perform marketing in online channel and social media channels can be discussed as: Product Gogal is known for its high quality products. The products of Google are appreciated by customers. The company would not be changing its product in online channel. The firm has to focus on market development and not product development. Though, it is important that Gogal should ensure that quality of product is not getting compromised in online channel of distribution. Price It can be said that pricing strategy is one of the most important strategy. The competition is already high in this industry and it is important that Gogal should focus on pricing strategy. It is important that Gogal should focus to reducing the pricing of its products. It is important that the prices of the product should be kept lower than the prices of competitors. The pricing strategy of Gogal should also focus on discounting pricing. It is important that company should give discounts to customers who would buy the product using online marketspace. It would help Gogal to increase the customer traffic on its website. Place E commerce channel or Internet channel would the most important thing for Gogal. It is important that Gogal should shift its focus from offline, brick and mortar space to online space. At present, 100% of revenue is coming from offline sales, it is important that Gogal should visualize a future state in which 80% of the revenue would be coming from online space. Promotion It is important that Gogal must be able to use online channel of promotion. The company should focus heavily on Internet marketing and social media marketing. The company should launch promotional events on social media challenge. The objective of the firm should be to increase the brand awareness through promotional activities. Wireframe of the proposed website The wireframe of the website or the website index can be shown as: The three pages of the website can be shown as: Home Page FAQ Page Contact us Page Legal and ethical issues The online medium of business would be a good thing for Gogal but there are certain legal and ethical issues that have to be addresses. It is important that the website of Gogal should comply with all the local laws of the states and the national laws. It is important that the website of Gogal should be as per the cyber rules of each of the state in which it would operate. Knowingly or unknowingly, the website of Gogal should not break any legal law. It is also important that all the content put on the website of Gogal is genuine content. The content should not be copied content. It is also important that Gogal should protect its legal right by copyrighting the content on the website. Copyright would ensure that no other competitor can copy the content from the website of Gogal. It is also important that Gogal should not use the copyrighted images while developing the website. In an e commerce business or electronic business, there are certain ethical concerns that should be handled by the team. The data and privacy concerns of employees should be the most important ethical concerns. It is important that the data and information of the employees of Gogal should be kept confidential. It is also important that Gogal should focus to protect the data of its customers. The personal information of customers would be captured when any user would create the account on the website of company. It is important this information is stored in an encrypted form. It is important that any hacker should not be able to hack into the system of Gogal. The company should have high ethical standards in order to ensure that the personal information of customers is not shared with other companies. The information of all the stakeholders that would include customer and employees should be kept confidential so that customers and employees can continue to trust Gogal. Technology requirements The presence into online domain does require an initial IT investment. Therefore, it is important that management of Gogal should do a cost benefit analysis before starting the project. The company would have to procure certain tools and devices in order to ensure effective delivery through online channel. The technology requirements for Gogal can be listed as: First most, it is important that the website of the company should be hosted on a secure server. The website of the company should support following browser Web browsers IE8, Firefox, Chrome, Opera and Safari. At the very basic, the computer system of Gogal must have following configurations: Vista/Windows 7/ Linux/ Mac as the operatingsystem, 2GB of ram, 160GB of Hard Drive and the CPU is a Celeron 2.2Ghz.It is also important that Gogal must have a high speed internet connection that would be used by staff of the company to access the online orders.An intranet would be established in the premises of Gogal that would ensure that different departments can communicate with each other using emails.Computers, Tablets or Laptops would be required by the staff.It is recommended that Gogal should establish a separate IT department that would look after the IT requirements of the company Software requirements-In terms of software some basic software would be required. These are:Microsoft Office: It would include, Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint and Microsoft Excel. It is important that Gogal must buy and procure the original licenses; otherwise it would open itself for legal battle.Adobe Acrobat reader would also be required. Advantages and challenges of online business One of the biggest advantages of online model of business is that it can help to reduce the cost. In an online business model, the selling would happen directly from warehouse. Gogal may not be required to maintain the inventory in its physical stores. This way the cost can come down. The inventory holding cost and operations cost would come down so that Gogal can sell the products at reduced cost. The online business has certain advantages but it also bring certain challenges. It is important for organizations to overcome these challenges in order to realize true benefits of e commerce platform. The advantages and challenges of online business can be discussed as: Advantages With online business model, customers would be able to access and place the order 24X7. The customers may not be required to plan the timing and visit the store. They would be able to place the order from their home at midnight or early morning. In fact, customers would be able to place the order when they are travelling.The online business model is much more flexible than brick and mortar business model. The availability and flexibility increases the customer service through greater flexibility (Quinn, 2011).It would also result in heavy cost savings as the middleman would be removed.The online business model is process dependent business model and it is less dependent on people. Therefore online business model would bring more professionalism.The online business model is also environmental friendly as it results in paper saving.The online business model would also enable Gogal to handle the business model from anywhere. Challenges One of the most important challenges in online business is that the competition is very high in this model. The companies have to be really efficient and responsive in order to maintain their businesses on online model.The online business model is totally dependent on technology. It requires a string technology support from back end in order to ensure that business is up and running 24X7 (Maqsood, 2009).It is always difficult to manage the logistics and distribution in online model of business. Gogal must have a partnership with specialized logistics vendors who can help Gogal to reach out to customers. It creates a dependency on third party.A great deal of marketing is required to increase the awareness about the online business model. It is always difficult to reach out to customers and marketing on Internet would have its own cost impacts. Conclusion The above paper discusses the online business model of Gogal. As discussed above, Gogal should go ahead with its decision of website development. Gogal should take a phased manner of transformation in which Gogal would start the pilot in 2 cities and gradually other regions would be added to the project of online expansion. It is also important that Gogal should complete the process of procurement before starting the project. At the same time, Gogal must also focus on training of its employees. It is important that the employees of Gogal must be given training of computer system and soft skills. With the above discussion it can be said that the decision to move online is a wise decision. Now, it depends on the way this decision is executed. It is important that a plan should be developed that would determine the actual steps for Gogal to enter into online domain. The cost benefit analysis and customer analysis would be key for Gogal to expand into online space. Recommendations The specific recommendations for Gogal can be discussed as: It is recommended that Gogal should focus on phased manner of transformation. It is recommended that the journey form brick and mortar space to online player should be competed in the timeline of 18 months to 2 years. It is recommended that company should focus heavily on social media marketing. Internet marketing would be a key for Gogal to expand itself into online domain. The company must focus on Facebook and Twitter as a medium to reach out to customers. It is recommended that Gogal should also focus on the mobile application development along with website development. Mobile phones and tablets would be the good devices to connect with customers. It is recommended that Gogal must have a strong CRM (Customer Relationship Management) system that would enable Gogal to collect feedback from customers. Probably, Gogal should also focus on incorporating an ERP system into its environment. To adjust to the high cost of ERP system, Gogal can take ERP as a service. It is recommended that Gogal must focus on the change management. It could be possible that the employees of Gogal may not like the idea of online expansion. It is recommended that Gogal must include its internal and external stakeholders while implementing this change. It is also recommended that Gogal must focus on the security and cyber issues. It is important Gogal must comply with the local cyber laws. The website of the company should also be protected from outside attack through firewalls and antiviruses etc. It is recommended that under no condition Gogal shall share the data and information of its customers to outside vendors. References Anthony Eve, (2007) "Development of project management systems", Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 39 Iss: 2, pp.85 - 90 Heidi Winklhofer, Kathryn Houghton, Thomas Chesney (2006), How Advanced are Websites of SME Exporters? An Investigation into Drivers and Inhibitors, in (ed.) International Marketing Research (Advances in International Marketing, Volume 17), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.395-426 Michael R. Ward, Michelle Morganosky (2002), Consumer acquisition of product information and subsequent purchase channel decisions, in Michael R. Baye (ed.) The Economics of the Internet and E-commerce (Advances in Applied Microeconomics, Volume 11), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.231-255 Patrick Scholten, S. Adam Smith (2002), Price dispersion then and now: Evidence from retail and e-tail markets, in Michael R. Baye (ed.) The Economics of the Internet and E- commerce (Advances in Applied Microeconomics, Volume 11), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.63-88 Paul W. Ballantine, (2005) "Effects of interactivity and product information on consumer satisfaction in an online retail setting", International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 33 Iss: 6, pp.461 471 Eddie Rhee (2010), Channel share prediction in direct marketing retailing: The role of relative channel benefits, in Kenneth D. Lawrence, Ronald K. Klimberg (ed.) 7 (Advances in Business and Management Forecasting, Volume 7), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.111-120 Enrique Bigne-Alcaniz, Carla Ruiz-Mafe, Joaquin Aldas-Manzano, Silvia Sanz-Blas, (2008) "Influence of online shopping information dependency and innovativeness on internet shopping adoption", Online Information Review, Vol. 32 Iss: 5, pp.648 667 Eun Young Kim, Youn-Kyung Kim, (2004) "Predicting online purchase intentions for clothing products", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 38 Iss: 7, pp.883 - 897 IrynaPentina, AliaksandrAmialchuk, David George Taylor, (2011) "Exploring effects of online shopping experiences on browser satisfaction and e-tail performance", International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 39 Iss: 10, pp.742 758 Jennifer Rowley, (2009) "Online branding strategies of UK fashion retailers", Internet Research, Vol. 19 Iss: 3, pp.348 - 369 Michael R. Ward, Michelle Morganosky (2002), Consumer acquisition of product information and subsequent purchase channel decisions, in Michael R. Baye (ed.) The Economics of the Internet and E-commerce (Volume 11), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.231-255 Benz, M., Frey, B. S. (2008). Being Independent is a Great Thing: Subjective Evaluations of Selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Employment and Hierarchy.Economica,75(298), 362-383. Cameron, K. S., Quinn, R. E. (2011).Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework. John Wiley Sons. Dess G.G., Lumpkin G.T. Eisner A.B. (2007). Strategic Management: Creating Competitive Advantages. McGraw-Hill/ Irwin Giessner, S. R., Schubert, T. W. (2007). High in the hierarchy: How vertical location and judgments of leaders power are interrelated.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,104(1), 30-44. Lee, C. L., Yang, H. J. (2011).Organization structure, competition and performance measurement systems and their joint effects on performance.Management Accounting Research,22(2), 84-104. Sasaki Kazuya, Ikeda Naomi, Shimizu Hiroko, (2004) "Handling evaluated by visual information to consider web-consumers", International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Vol. 16 Iss: 1/2, pp.153 162 TayyabMaqsood, (2009) "Knowledge Management in Project-based Companies: An Organic Perspective", International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Vol. 2 Iss: 2, pp.318 - 320 Yingjiao Xu, V. Ann Paulins, (2005) "College students' attitudes toward shopping online for apparel products: Exploring a rural versus urban campus", Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 9 Iss: 4, pp.420 433

Accounting Analysis of Boston Beer Essay Example

Accounting Analysis of Boston Beer Essay Example Accounting Analysis of Boston Beer Essay Accounting Analysis of Boston Beer Essay This means it does not own most of its operating assets, instead it pays a fixed price per unit of produce for a specified volume. However, it assumes full responsibility for upkeep and maintenance of these facilities Expenditures, repairs and renewals are charged to expense, while major Improvements are capitalized. All equipment and lease hold are recorded at cost. This Is In line with economic reality as Boston Beer bears all the risks and benefits of these assets as If It owned them, though It holds no title. Thus there Is no accounting bias. Boston Beer Company uses a substantial amount of revenues on Sales and Marketing in a bid to build up its brand image and acquire goodwill. Thus their brand should be an Economic Asset, since it will help Boston Beer sell its products at a premium and increase gross margins. However, Accounting standards do not allow this and so Advertising is expensed in the period during which it was incurred. This results in a bias since the effects of Advertising are more long lasting than a financial year, yet the Flanagan statements do not reflect their true potential. So even If the benefits are recognized after a substantial period, the current period could show them to be a loss making expense. Depreciation on these assets is not mentioned under a separate head, but since they account for them in their balance sheet, we can assume assets are NET of accumulated depreciation. EXPENSES There has been no mention of Provisions for Bad Debts which would give an indication of the firms credit policy and whether they are following an aggressive selling strategy but not actually receiving any payments. This could help inflate Net Income as they recognize revenues when goods are shipped to customers net an undisclosed amount of allowance for Unconvertible Amounts. This is a problem with Accrual Accounting that could be erased by a mention of the Expected Bad Debts so Investors could Judge the real revenues of the company. Also there Is no mention of their refund policy or indeed, the purchase/sales returns which could reduce Inventories Ana sales. I Nils Is poor Ulcerous on tenet part Ana could a way to manipulate statements before the PIP. De construed as Innovation is one of the key strategies employed by Boston Beer Co. To differentiate and establish its niche. However since US GAP does not allow R to be capitalized(though it is a valuable asset), BBC must expense it. They have not provided details of this particular expenditure. A reasonable assumption would be that it has been included as part of General and Administrative expenses but it would be more accurate to show it as a separate entry under Operating expenses as has been done by competitor Redbook (which has no R expenses for 2004-2006). This would help investors in deciding the growth prospects of the company. However, if it has not been included, then the operating expenses are understated which would increase Operating Income and hence Net Income. LIABILITIES We can infer that Boston Beer Companys major liabilities are the debt they take on and the payments they must make to the companies they contract out the production process. We know that they provide all raw materials (hence the inventories) but do not know what payment plan is being used. Our assumption is that they pay for the eggs on a per unit basis for a given volume periodically which is why they have such large Accounts payable figures that increase with sales especially in the last quarter. But a payment schedule and also the price per unit paid should be included to estimate profitability and compare the prices they pay with prevalent market figures. This could be mentioned under Cost of Goods Sold to show if Boston Beer is indeed getting the best price available. Boston Beer is not required to pay taxes under US law since they are a partnership, hence no mention of taxation has been made.

What The Doctor Ordered essays

What The Doctor Ordered essays WHAT THE DOCTOR ORDERED Life is a rat race. In order to succeed, one is required to stay in the front of the pack. To lead a happy, loving life, however, one must stop and smell the roses so the meaningful qualities in life don't pass you by. A prime example of a person who overlooks this aspect of life can be found in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Through Dr. Frankenstein, Shelley warns readers of the consequences of playing god and allowing business to take you away from the simple pleasures in life. As shown through him, too much knowledge and determination may not be what the doctor ordered. Frankenstein illustrates god-like characteristics by creating a living creature. As a boy he was "deeply smitten with the thirst for knowledge" (22), and obtained an "eager desire to learn" (23). This dedication and love for science he pursued led him to crave more and strive to go one step further than other scientists have in the past. Devoting his life to learning the sciences of the human frame, Frankenstein became "capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter" (37), and recognizes the chance to become the father of a new type of species he can take credit for. Ironically, Frankenstein's creature obtains the power to destroy his creator, along with all civilization. If God, the single perfect being, cannot create perfect life, how could an imperfect person possibly do it? Frankenstein is oblivious to the danger of his knowledge and to the "citadel of nature" (25) he will enter by becoming aware of the "secrets of heaven and earth" (23). Frankenstein travels down a dangerous path when he goes as far as to play God by exploring supernatural life and after his work is complete, he fearfully realizes that he not only created a new life, but with that life, he brought a new form of evil into the world. During the two years Frankenstein worked on his creation he became totally absorbed in his work...

School change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

School change - Essay Example The school discussed in the paper is of elementary level so the points discussed will relate to this specific system only. Most of the people are aware of the basic image portraying a school girl or boy getting a bad result card or report. What happens if the result is given out directly to the students? More than often the child scared of the consequences either hides the report till the time to hand it back or may even destroy it. Some of them will return it to the teacher with forged signatures of their parents and both the school and the parents are unaware of the fact that the students are misusing the trust. Through this method which is mostly used by the schools it is most likely that the information is lost. Even the data of the students is easily tampered in the schools website or online data. Keeping in view of the lapses that may occur schools need to devise more appropriate communication plans that will lead to a beneficial mutual bond with in the community. The existing form of sending the report cards home and compiling the data is now out of date and extremely risky. The first step is to analyze or assess the basic need of how the communication channels can be built between the parents and the school. Survey on the need of communication will be conducted. This survey will have questions or address issues where people can provide their feedback. It will be sent with a letter addressing all those who are willing to give their time for the survey. The letter will be from the Principal of the school and will have the mission and vision statements available along with a brief idea about the schools objectives and goals. The forms thus collected will become the basic data from which further steps will be developed. Secondly the school will invite people for an in-house session where the Principal of the school will address them and share the concerns the school has

The Law of Trusts Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Law of Trusts - Case Study Example In 2004 Brian entered into a covenant under a trust deed with his children Pat and Richard. Pat and Richard can sue against Brian at law for damages to compensate Pat and Richard for their loss of expectation if Brian does not perform his promise. In Cannon v Harley1 a father promised his daughter by deed that he would pay her any sum exceeding 1,000 which he received under his own father's will. When he failed to do so, she successfully sued him at law for the amount she would have obtained had his promise been performed. It is important to note, however, that the same promise was not enforceable in equity. Equity will enforce promises made for consideration, but not ones whose only claim to enforcement is that they are contained in a deed. None of the property referred to in the 2004 covenant has been transferred to Pat and Richard. Brian appointed Tony and Nathan as his executors and trustees under his will. Now the question arises who can enforce the covenant. If the Contract (Ri ghts of Third Parties) Act 1999 were to apply to covenants (which is doubtful) then assuming the requirements of the Act were satisfied, Pat and Richard would be able to enforce the covenant at law and obtain damages for lost expectation. It can be argued that they hold the benefit of the right to sue on the covenant on trust for Pat and Richard. If this argument, the 'trust of the covenant' argument, can be made out, then Pat and Richard can compel Tony and Nathan to sue Brain. The assumption is that Tony and Nathan would recover substantial damages, which they would then hold on trust for Pat and Richard. There are three difficulties, which stand in the way of this argument succeeding. To be a valid trust, it is necessary three certainties, formalities, and perfect constitution. A trust will be perfectly constituted where the rights, which are to form the subject matter of the trust, are vested in the intended trustee. The principle laid down in the case Milroy v Lord2, Lord Turne r LJ explained three ways of benefiting third parties. The easiest way to benefit the third party is by an outright gift. If the Beneficiary is minor and a gift is a real property then it is not possible. In this situation, he needs to create a trust or declare himself as a trustee. The transfer to the trustees must accord with the rules applicable to the property concerned. Legal estates in land must transferee by deed, equitable interest, and copyright by writing (which may include an electronic document), chattels by deed of gift or by an intention to give coupled with a delivery of possessions, a bill of exchange by endorsement, and shares by the appropriate form of transfer followed by registration.   The traditional approach also adopted in subsequent cases like Re Fry3, required all stage should be completed. However, if the settlor wants to become a trustee himself he must declare it in clear and unequivocal terms, which carry out man's intention.  

Lux Brand Promotion Essay Example for Free

Lux Brand Promotion Essay Promotion Lux campaigns have wooed millions of hearts over the decades. Popularly know as the beauty soap of film stars, Lux has been an intimate partner of the brightest stars on the silver screen for decades. An ode to their beauty, an announcer of their stardom, advertising campaigns on Lux have featured film stars across the nation, promising their beauty to ordinary women. In Bangladesh, almost all of the beautiful faces in media from different generations have been associated with Lux over the years. To name a few re Doyel, Champa, Suborna Mustafa, Nipa, Shakila Zafar, Bipasha Hayat, Afsana Mimi, Shomi Kaiser, Mou, Kushum Shikder and Aupi Karim. However, this star depended communication was slowly seen to be losing relevance, as consumers were beginning to question if the film stars actually used the brand. Thus, for the first time the film star was used as a communication device and not as the main feature of the ad. With the new communication strategy, the film star is used purely as a communication device to portray star quality in every Lux user. Branding story:  What is the common seductive link between Hollywood actor Paul Newman, Bollywood actors Shah Rukh Khan and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam chief J. Jayalalithaa? They have all tried selling a soap at some point or the other. And the soap is Lux, the premium beauty soap from consumer products company HUL. â€Å"Lux has been the epitome of beauty for the Indian woman and inspires all women in India to enjoy the process of beautifying without any constraints,† says Srikanth Srinivasamadhavan, category head, personal wash, HUL. Lux—derived from the word luxury— was launched in 1899 as a laundry soap in the UK. In 1925, the brand was extended to the toilet soap category. It was positioned as a beauty soap in India, and HUL has since used successful film actors of the time—such as Leela Chitnis, Madhubala, Hema Malini and Kareena Kapoor—to endorse the product. Lux’s secret of longevity has been its consistent evolution—be it the soap colour, packaging or new variants, the brand has banked on innovation to keep its youthful image intact. Extending the soap cake to a range of shower gels, liquid soaps and moisturizing bars has helped the brand keep consumers excited and the competition at bay. What has not changed is the consistency in its communication and its positioning. Its tag lines—If it’s good enough for a film star, then it’s good for you too to Play with beauty—have conveyed the same message over the years. â€Å"Lux is a brand like Mills Boon. While the packaging and content could change, the romance angle doesn’t. It taps into an emotion very close to humanity’s basic need—social interaction. The brand has always hired celebrities when they have reached a certain height rather than using them at the start of their careers. This avoids the issue of celebrities overshadowing the brand,† says Agnello Dias, national creative director, JWT, which handles the account. Competitor pod Godrej(9. 2%)- Cinthol,  Fair glow Nikhar Nirma soaps(6. 74%) Wipro-Santoor Chandrika Itc(1. 75%)-Superia,Fiama di wills, vivel Internally-Lifebouy Dove

Life on Other planets. Essay -- essays research papers

One of the most common unanswered questions scientists find themselves asking is "Is there life on other planets?" Since the first famously documented UFO sighting in 1947, the idea of extra-terrestrial life has been debated almost non-stop. The subject has inspired many TV programs, such as The X-Files, and films (Mars Attacks, Independence Day, and the Men in Black films to name but a few). Scientists have come up with many new ideas and ways of trying to either prove or disprove the existence of life elsewhere. Mars is a very similar planet to earth in relation to size and atmosphere. Therefore it seemed like the most likely place to search for life. At the end of the 19th century, an American named Percival Lowell built himself an observatory so that it was possible for him to study Mars in intimate detail when its orbit was closest to Earth. At this time it had recently been suggested that the planet had a system of channels on the surface, present from the evaporation of flowing water. Looking through his telescope Lowell became convinced he could see a network of artificial canals. This led him to believe that there were intelligent beings on Mars who had built these canals. However, spacecraft have now visited Mars and found that there is no evidence of water at all. It is now thought that the lines he could see were the combination of Lowell's overactive imagination, and scratches on the lens of his telescope. We are now searching one of Jupiter's moons, Europa, as this seems to be th e next likely place to hold life. It is seen to be more likely, however, that we will find less intelligent life in one of two different ways: It may be possible for us to obtain material from another planet or moon or star from elsewhere in the Solar System. Spacecraft may be able to visit these bodies and, for example, use a robot to collect material for examination. This may be examined on site, or brought to Earth to be investigated in laboratory conditions. They could be tested for things such as evidence of fossilised organisms. Another, possibly slightly far-fetched hope is that we may find simple organisms like bacteria actually living on the desired planet. These ideas spanned from the discovery of rock on our planet that originated from Mars; knocked from the planet when a comet collided with it. In 1996 a group of scientists created conflict by ... ...them is so great that they are dragged to our planet. Another idea is that UFO's are not really from other planets at all, but created right here on Earth. Supposedly Germans, Americans and Soviets started the 'Projekt Saucer' in Germany towards the end of World War II. During the war Germans sent ships to the Antarctic with equipment and plans for a massive underground structure. It is said that at the end of the war scientists and engineers who had been working on Projekt Saucer in Germany ended up in this underground structure, where even more advanced saucers were created. In a manner of thinking this is by far the scariest theory should it be proved correct, for it brings up more questions than it gives answers. What would people on Earth want to create spaceships for? Why keep it such a secret if everything is harmless? Maybe, if this theory is proved correct, it is better not to know the answers. To conclude, there are no solid facts on the existence of extra-terrestrials. Whether or not they exist will, until definite proof is brought forward, be a topic of major debate. Personally I believe that there is something out there-although what it is I wouldn't hazard a guess.

General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class)

1. Is the gametophyte stage dominant in Bryophytes? Yes or No 2. Most plants have vascular tissue; these constitute the ________ plants. Vascular 3. Seeds can lie dormant for many years. True 4. Bryophytes are small because they lack ______. Vascular Tissue 5. Leaves increase the surface area for photosynthesis. True 6. Seeds contain _____ inside of a protective coat. Nutrient supply, embryo 7. Angiosperms produce seeds that are often enclosed by _____. Fruit 8. _____ transports water in vascular plant. Xylem 9. Pollen is usually dispersed by _____. Wind 10. A ________________ is an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat.Seed11. Which phylum includes ferns? Phylum Pterophyta12. ________________ are organs that anchor vascular plants. Roots13. What is the difference in reproduction between a blueberry bush and a pine tree? Pine trees do not produce flowers and produce seeds that are not enclosed by fruit. Blueberry bushes produce flowers and produce seeds enclosed by fruit.14. Seedless vascular plants reproduce via spores contained inside seeds. False15. Experiment 2 in lab showed that _____. Plants take up carbon dioxide.16. Non-vascular plants are commonly called ______. Bryophytes17. Which phylum are the moss in?Bryophyta18. Bryophytes require _____ for fertilization to occur. Water19. A fern is a seedless vascular plant. True20. Lab experiment 1 for this week clearly showed that _____. Aquatic plants will produce gas when exposed to light.21. Gymnosperms do not produce seeds. False22. _____ transports sugars in vascu lar plants. Phloem23. Describe two things that are unique to angiosperms that help them in reproduction. They have flowers and the ability of â€Å"double fertilization†.24. A ______ is a passageway for oxygen and carbon dioxide. They are holes in the underside of a leaf. toma (pl. stomata)25. Vascular tissue arrangement is directly related to the stem’s ability for _______________ growth. Secondary26. Trichomes can protect a plant from predation by herbivores. True27. The ground tissue cells called _____ cells are the most common type of plant cell and carry out photosynthesis. Parenchyma28. Which part of the root would you look in if you wanted to find a cell going through mitosis (cell reproduction)? Zone of cell division29. Which type of vascular tissue allows the movement of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves? Xylem30. What structure protects the root as it pushes its way through the soil? Root cap31. All plant cells contain secondary cell walls. Fal se32. _______________ meristems are located at the tips of stems and roots. Apical33. Which type of plant tissue is for protection? Dermal34. Which type of vascular tissue carries sugars to all parts of the plant. Phloem35. The alternate form of leaf arrangement is the most common of the three types of leaf arrangement. True36. What are plant cell walls made of? Cellulose37. Vascular plants have a have a specialized circulation system composed of [x] and [y]. X=Xylem, Y=Phloem38. Which plant organ is a beet? Root39. Guard cells are responsible for closing and opening the lenticellular maculation. False40. The diffusion of water vapor from a plant is called ____. Transpiration41. Some kinds of plants live without ever making contact with the soil. True42. Which plant organ helps to anchor them in the soil and absorb water and minerals? Roots43. Explain why the carnation changed colors in Experiment #2 in the Plant Circulation lab. The process of water moving through the vascular tiss ue of the plant. As the water moved through the flower it carried the dye with it.44. Lateral meristems are found in plants that exhibit ____ growth. Secondary45. The shoot system consists of the underground portion of the plant. False46. Secondary growth is an increase in the _____ of the plant. Width or girth47. _____ are members of the phylum _____ and feed by _____. Sea anemones †¦ Cnidaria †¦ using stinging cells to capture small animals that venture too close to them48. Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment because they are flat.49. Annelids _____. have a mouth that is separate from the anus and segments50. A sponge's structural materials (spicules, spongin) are manufactured by the Amoebocytes51. In sponges which cell captures food? Choanocyte or collar cell52. In most insects, gas exchange is accomplished by _____. A tracheal system wit h spiracles, trachea, and tracheoles53. A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share Membership in Phylum Mollusca54. A major characteristic of arthropods is _____. A chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages55. In arthropods, molting is necessary because _____.The hard exoskeleton cannot grow.56. Humans most frequently acquire trichinosis (infection by Trichinella spiralis) by Eating undercooked pork57. Which of the following describe(s) echinoderms? Tubefeet provide motility in most species58. Which clade in the phylum Cnidaria includes â€Å"jellies† with rounded (as opposed to boxlike) medusae? Scyphozoa59. Sponges are most accurately described as Aquatic filter feeders60. Sponges lack _____. All of the listed responses are correct.61. Consider the following list of animals: giant squid, earthworm, largemouth bass, snail, tapeworm, coral, and starfish.The two that belong to the same phylum are the _____, and their phylum is _____. giant squid and snail †¦ Mollus ca62. Corals are most closely related to which group? Sea anemones63. Which letter is pointing to the part of the flower that attracts insects? H64. Which letter is pointing to the stamen? A65. An unidentified species of animal displays the following characteristics: bilateral symmetry, a complete digestive system, an open circulatory system, distinct body segmentation, it has six jointed walking legs, and it molts when it grows.To which of the following animal phyla does this species most likely belong? Arthropoda66. Jellies and corals are members of the same _____, all members of which _____. phylum †¦ have special stinging cells on their tentacles67. A terrestrial mollusc without a shell would be called a _____. Slug68. Leeches are members of the phylum _____. Annelida69. Tapeworms are highly specialized worms that make their living as endoparasites. To which of the following phyla do the tapeworms belong? Phylum Platyhelminthes70. Sponges feed by _____. Filtering small part icles from water Read also Lab 2 Biology71. An active marine predator is found possessing these characteristics: a series of tentacles (eight of them modified from the foot) on its head, a highly developed nervous system, and elaborate eyes. To which of the following animal classes does this organism most likely belong? Cephalopoda72. List the four key characteristics of chordates. Notochord Dorsal hollow nerve cord Muscular post anal tail Pharyngeal slits73. What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates? Feathers74. Most reptiles are ______ which means they cannot regulate their own body temperature.Cold-blooded and ectothermic75. How would you tell the difference between a reptile egg and a bird egg? The reptile egg will have a flexible leathery shell and the bird egg will have a hard shell.76. A sea star is an invertebrate. True77. If an animal has hair, feeds its young milk, an lays eggs it is a ______. monotreme platypus echidna spiny ante ater78. Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough? It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment.79. Turtles are reptiles. True80. What is the main difference between the skeleton of a shark and a trout?The shark has a skeleton made of cartilage, while a trout has a skeleton made of bone.81. Sharks are classified in which class? Chondrichthyes82. Birds _____. Warm-blooded83. Chordates have ___________ symmetry. Bilateral84. The gill flap, or operculum, was an important adaptation for fish because it helps with _____. Maintaining a supply of action85. Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments? The shelled, amniotic egg86. A frog is an invertebrate. False87. Amphibians can lay their eggs on land without fear of them drying out because they lay eggs with a flexible shell.False88. The opossum is an example of a(n) _____ mammal. Marsupial89. Which of the following animals is an amphibian? Cae cilian90. A kangaroo or an opossum is a ______. Marsupial91. All mammals _____. Nourish their offspring through mammary glands92. The swim bladder of ray-finned fishes Provides for regulation of buoyancy.93. Habitat loss, the spread of a fungal disease, climate change, and pollution are causing severe population declines and extinction in _____. Amphibians94. Pick the example of the invertebrate chordate from the list below. Lancelet95. Some sharks are viviparous, which means that _____.The young develop within the female’s body.96. Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts? Bone97. In vertebrates the space between cells if filled with blood. False98. Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up Organs99. __________ animals generate heat by metabolism. Endothermic100. Food processing, absorption, and distribution in your body are mainly accomplished by the _____ systems. Digestive a nd circulatory101. Do hormone signals functions faster than nerve signals? No102. Ligaments are what kind of connective tissue? A type of fibrous connective tissue103. Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that The positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it.104. Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by Smooth muscle105. Fibroblasts secrete Proteins for connective fibers106. Hormones _____. All of the listed responses are correct.107. __________ is the study of the biological functions an organism performs. Physiology108. EndothermyIs a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature.109. What covers the outside of the body and lines the organs and cavities within the body? Epithelial tissue110. _____ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it _____. Negative †¦ tends to keep a system at a desirable â€Å"set point†111. Which of the following are connective tissues? Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood112. The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a Simple squamous epithelium.113. Explain what happened to your egg or bone in lab this week, why it happened, and what caused it.The egg shell or bone softened and became flexible because the calcium salts were removed from the egg shell or bone by the vinegar (mild acid).114. Tendons connect bones at joints. False115. If we could only carry out digestion but not absorption we would die. True116. List the three major types of blood vessels. Arteries, veins, and capillaries117. When you shiver your muscular system is _____. Producing heat118. Interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic vessels is called ____. Lymph119. Which system eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body? Urinary system120. Which type of muscle is voluntary?Skeletal121. Weight bearing exercise will do what for the skeleton? Strengthen it122. The organs that pr oduce sperm are the ovaries. False.123. When your body needs calcium for the blood where does it come from assuming the diet is inadequate? The bones or skeletal system.124. The organ level of structural organization comes before the tissue level of structural organization. False125. The integration and command center of the body is the _____. Central nervous system126. Which pigment is most responsible for dark skin color? Melanin127. One function of the integumentary system is to make vitamin _____. D128. The tube that leads into the lungs is called the ____. Trachea129. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? Arteries130. Which type of muscle would propel food through the digestive tract? Smooth131. Place the following regions of the skin in the correct order from top (most superficial) to bottom (deepest). Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis132. List the two components of the central nervous system. Brain and spinal cord133. The digestive process depends on _____ . Enzymes134. The kidneys are part of which system? Urinary135. The body system that forms the external body covering is called the ____ system.Integumentary136. What kinds of cells does the skeletal system make? Blood cells137. The system that returns interstitial fluid back to the blood is the ___ system. Lymphatic138. The liver is part of the digestive system. True 139. Mammary glands are specialized sweat glands that produce milk. True140. How are humans altering the carbon cycle? Burning fossil fuels141. The phosphorous cycle depends on the weathering of ____. Rock142. Herbivores eat ____. Plants143. The nitrogen cycle relies heavily on ____. Bacteria144. Fertilizer use will alter the nitrogen cycle balance. True145.The competitive exclusion principle states that two species cannot coexist in a community if their niches are identical. True146. Deforestation and herbicide use will increase the loss of nutrients from the soil. True147. Which type of consumer preys on the producer s? Primary consumer148. Acid rain will remove calcium from the soil just like it removed calcium from the egg or bone in lab. True149. What drives the global water cycle? Solar energy150. Competition may limit the growth of both species involved. True151. A ______ includes all the organisms inhabiting a particular area. Community152. The type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not significantly affected is called ____. Commensalism153. The gradual colonization of barren rocks is called _____. Primary succession154. ________ may occur when a shared resource is limited. Competition155. Which of the following trophic levels would have the lowest population size? Tertiary consumer156. What two processes does the carbon cycle depend on? Cellular respiration and photosynthesis157. Energy flows into ecosystems in the form of _____ and exits in the form of ______. Light energy, heat158. Which pH did the radish seeds grow best at? The radish seeds would ha ve grown best at a pH near neutral (pH 7)159. Predation can lead to adaptations like _______ and ________ such as poisons. Camouflage and chemical defenses160. Food chains interconnect forming _____. Food webs161. What process is essential for recycling nutrients in an ecosystem? Decomposition162. How much of the energy stored at each trophic level is available to the next level? 10%163. Thorns and poisons are a defense against ______. Herbivores164. List the three types of symbiotic relationships. Parasitism, commensalism, mutualism.165. Dams alter ecosystems both upstream and downstream. True166. Which type of resource cannot be replenished? Non-renewable167. _______ is the variety of life on earth. Biodiversity168. Wetlands filter pollution and limit flooding. True169. Modern farming practices reduce the loss of ____. Topsoil170. Alien species in an area can cause ____. Extinction171. Popcorn trees are an example of an alien species. True172. Desertification removes the base of t he food chain. True173. Light pollution can affect ecosystems. True174. ______ ______ produce greenhouse gases. Fossil Fuels