History of Film - 6962 Words

Plays and dances had elements common to films- scripts, sets, lighting, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, and scores. They preceded film by thousands of years. Much terminology later used in film theory and criticism applied, such as mise en scà ¨ne. Moving visual images and sounds were not recorded for replaying as in film. The camera obscura was pioneered by Alhazen in his Book of Optics (1021),[2][3][4] and was later perfected near the year 1600 by Giambattista della Porta. Light is inverted through a small hole or lens from outside, and projected onto a surface or screen, creating a projected moving image, indistinguishable from a projected high quality film to an audience, but it is not preserved in a†¦show more content†¦[7] After this date, the Edison company developed its own form of projector, as did various other inventors. Some of these used different film widths and projection speeds, but after a few years the 35-mm wide Edison film, and the 16-frames-per-second projection speed of the Lumià ¨re Cinà ©matographe became standard. The other important American competitor was the American Mutoscope Biograph Company, which used a new camera designed by Dickson after he left the Edison company. [8] At the Chicago 1893 World s Columbian Exposition, Muybridge gave a series of lectures on the Science of Animal Locomotion in the Zoopraxographical Hall, built specially for that purpose in the Midway Plaisance arm of the exposition. He used his zoopraxiscope to show his moving pictures to a paying public, making the Hall the very first commercial movie theater.[5] William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, chief engineer with the Edison Laboratories, is credited with the invention of a practicable form of a celluloid strip containing a sequence of images, the basis of a method of photographing and projecting moving images.[citation needed] Celluloid blocks were thinly sliced, then removed with heated pressure plates. After this, they were coated with a photosensitive gelatin emulsion.[citation needed] In 1893 at the Chicago World s Fair, Thomas Edison introduced to the public two pioneering inventions based on this innovation; the Kinetograph -Show MoreRelatedBlockbuster History Films Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesHistory films have often been criticised by academics and journalists as inaccurate depictions of the past. Yet there is no denying the fact that blockbuster history films are increasingly influential in shaping our understanding of historical people and events thanks to the accessibility of the medium. Producers of these films often take lib erties with facts to tell a more dramatic, engaging and entertaining story. They have a basis in truth but are greatly influenced by the writers’ and directors’Read MoreHistory And History Of The Arab Films1993 Words   |  8 PagesDo you think history is important? Why is it significant? And, does knowing the history of everything in the life matter? Actually, these questions and many other questions have been asked over many years all over the world and they have many different answers. Knowing the history of many different things in the life is very important because of one sufficient and helpful reason; knowing the history helps in understanding the present and in building the future. There are a lot of subjects and thingsRead More The History of Film Essay1286 Words   |  6 PagesA major change that has occurred in the development of film is the linearity of narrative. The history of film spans over one hundred years ago, with classical narrative emerging in Ho llywood around the nineteen thirties. The classical narrative period had a strong emphasis on linearity and coherence, where characters where goal centred and consistent in personality and action. In the nineteen sixties a change began to emerge in Hollywood, with Breathless (Jean-Luc Godard, 1960) breaking the editingRead MoreThe History of Film Editing1382 Words   |  5 Pagesa movie from this year compared to a movie from the 1930s, you would notice many differences. In the beginning, there was no digital technology to edit films. There have also been important contributors to help evolvement in film editing. In the process of editing film, there are some common editing techniques that have been used ever since film started. The way you edit a scene can also affect the mood and feeling of it. Although the editing of filmmaking has changed a lot over time, there are manyRead MoreThe History of Film, and the Film Industry Today Essay783 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst film capturing camera was called the â€Å"zoopraxiscope† or the â€Å"Wheel of Life.† Later on, in the 1890’s people began creating their own versions of portable cameras, whereas Lincoln’s camera was always mounted to a tripod, to prevent moving pieces from breaking. There is no way they could have known what an impact they would have had on the world. Film throughout the ages has created many incredible people, styles, and technology. Through film, there was less pressure for actors. Film directorsRead MoreThe History Of Film Gear1005 Words   |  5 Pages2017 could be considered the year of Film Gear. We had a lot of cool new gadgets, tools, cameras and more that arrive that filmmakers could fill their toolbox with. Here are ten of our favorites. 10. Storyclock Notebook - Born out of an idea by filmmaker Seth Worley, this new system for developing your ideas works on the premise of how an idea flows as time passes. Using the simple visual method of a clock, the Storyclock notebook turns your ideas into a viable cinematic story. For writers who struggleRead MoreSex Scene On Film History1699 Words   |  7 Pagessexual scene on film history Javaad Tare L4 Film production History and Culture 2500 word January 2017 Abstract Those are probably the questions or wonderings that surrounds almost ever teen s day life, and also at least 90% people outside the Movie Business and Industry who just watch Movies.(not pornography) So How are sex scenes in movies shot? As an actor/actress, how is the experience? When the sexual scene added to the films? What the propose of using adult nature on films? Those questionRead MoreThe History of Film Noir Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe History of Film Noir Film Noir literally means ‘Black Film’. This term was first coined by French film critic Nino Frank, who noticed a trend in the darkness of themes in many American films that constituted wartime cinema. Classic film noir developed during the 1940’s during and after World War two, taking advantage of the post war zeitgeist of anxiety, pessimism and suspicion. Mistrust, fear, paranoia, and bleakness is obvious in noir, it reflects the cold warRead MoreA Brief History of the Film Industry1268 Words   |  5 PagesFilm industry is a group of factors that lead to moviemaking. The first idea of film was a picture, moreover pictures that moving in a certain way to look like a movie. The French Lumiere Brothers are the first hand of making the new modern film industry. In the beginning the films were with no technology, its lack of sound and colors, and it’s only for seconds. Then in the beginning of 1900c the narratives came to the movies and it developed to be recorded onto plastic film and shown by a movieRead MoreWatermelon Woman Analysis754 Words   |  4 Pages As having a historical aspect to novels and films can have an important impact on plots, one must look at the various ways history and historicity can be used. Both the novel Kindred and the film Watermelon Woman utilize these historical aspects in similar and opposing ways to tell their stories. With matters suc h as the knowledge (and/or lack of knowledge) and creating a imagine of history, the stories of Dana and Cheryl provide readers with a look at the variety of impacts that can affect them

Los 10 mejores países para emigrar

Estos son 10 paà ­ses que deben ser considerados a la hora de emigrar, bien porque admiten a muchos emigrantes o por sus facilidades o porque brindan programas interesantes. Los paà ­ses se listan por orden alfabà ©tico, pero cada uno brinda puntos a favor y otros en contra, por lo que cada persona deberà ¡ valorarlos en su conjunto y ver lo que mejor se ajusta a sus intereses y realidades. Australia Australia tiene un triple sistema para admitir emigrantes: peticiones familiares, razones humanitarias o por trabajo. Esto à ºltimo es lo que se conoce como Skilled Stream. La emigracià ³n a Australia por razones laborales puede ser con una visa temporal, en cuyo caso siempre se necesita un patrocinador o puede ser con una tarjeta de residencia permanente, en cuyo caso se admiten varias posibilidades: patrocinio de empresa o de una regià ³n australiana o incluso sin necesidad de patrocinio en lo que se conoce como Skilled Independent Visa.   En la actualidad es frecuente que se obtenga primero una visa temporal y que à ©sta sirva de trampolà ­n para sacar mà ¡s tarde una permanente. Asimismo, en la actualidad los campos laborales a los que pertenecen la mayorà ­a de los emigrantes temporales y permanentes que son admitidos en Australia son IT, ingenierà ­a, contabilidad, enfermerà ­a, medicina y educacià ³n. Canadà ¡ El gobierno federal tiene 3 programas para aprobar la residencia permanente a emigrantes con habilidades especiales. Son el FSTP, el FSWP y el CEC. Es un sistema basado en puntos en el que que se tienen en consideracià ³n factores como la edad de los candidatos, sus conocimientos de los idiomas inglà ©s y/o francà ©s, su experiencia laboral y el nivel de estudios. En la actualidad para aplicar se debe solicitar a travà ©s del Sistema Exprà ©s.   Ademà ¡s, Canadà ¡ tambià ©n brinda la oportunidad de emigrar temporalmente a travà ©s de dos programas. En primer lugar el TFWP, que requiere de una oferta laboral por parte de una empresa canadiense, y en segundo lugar el IMP, que està ¡ regulado por acuerdos internacionales. Ademà ¡s, las provincias de Canadà ¡ regulan sus propias posibilidades para emigrar. Canadà ¡ tambià ©n brinda la posibilidad de obtener una visa para crear una start-up.  Para ello es necesario obtener una inversià ³n mà ­nima de 200 mil dà ³lares canadienses si el inversor es un fondo designado de capital venture o de 75 mil, si proviene de un grupo de angel investors. Por otro lado, el gobierno federal ya no mantiene el programa pasado de visa por inversià ³n. Sin embargo, la provincia de Quebec sà ­ que lo mantiene. Finalmente, otro punto a favor de Canadà ¡ es que los trà ¡mites para la residencia permanente se demoran, en un 80 por ciento de los casos, menos de 6 meses. Bà ©lgica Este pequeà ±o paà ­s amerita ser destacado en esta lista porque permite obtener una visa temporal para buscar empleo en el paà ­s para personas con un alto grado de especializacià ³n aplicando por lo que se conoce como Blue Card, lo cual es un hecho altamente infrecuente. Destacar que 3 centros distintos gestionan estas visas, segà ºn se busque en la parte de habla francesa, en la flamenca o en Bruselas. Chile Sà ³lo el 2 por ciento de la poblacià ³n chilena nacià ³ en otro paà ­s. Sin embargo es un destino atrayente para las personas interesadas en crear una start-up. Cada aà ±o se celebran tres competiciones y en cada una de ellas se da visa a 100 empresarios, ademà ¡s de capital y acceso a redes y programas de mentores.   Desde que se creà ³ el programa han emigrado a Chile casi 1000 empresarios de mà ¡s de 35 paà ­ses. Dinamarca Este paà ­s que forma parte de la Unià ³n Europea brinda a un mà ¡ximo de 50 personas por aà ±o la posibilidad de emigrar para fundar una start-up. A pesar de que es un nà ºmero muy pequeà ±o se incluye Dinamarca en este artà ­culo porque sus condiciones son atractivas, ya que no exige inversià ³n mà ­nima, tan sà ³lo que el fundador tenga capacidad para sostenerse. Ademà ¡s, abre las puertas a aceleradores, fondos de inversià ³n y centros de investigacià ³n daneses. Las peticiones, que deben ser aprobadas por un panel de expertos, deben ser escalables y relacionadas con la tecnologà ­a, teniendo preferencia las de los sectores de Ciencias, ICT (tecnologà ­as de la comunicacià ³n e informacià ³n) y energà ­as limpias y sostenibles. Estados Unidos Cada aà ±o fiscal Estados Unidos aprueba aproximadamente 1 millà ³n de nuevas tarjetas de residencia. Sin embargo, la mayorà ­a de ellas se obtienen por una peticià ³n por parte de un familiar, el cual puede ser un ciudadano americano o un residente permanente legal. Si bien hay otras formas de obtener la codiciada green card. Ademà ¡s, Estados Unidos mantiene un sistema complejo de distintas categorà ­as de visas de trabajo temporal tanto para personas altamente capacitadas como para migrantes para trabajos donde no se requiere especialidad. Asimismo, el programa de visa de intercambio J-1 permite trabajar en situaciones muy diversas, como por ejemplo, mà ©dico, nià ±era, maestro, prà ¡cticas para egresados, staff de campamento de verano, etc. Nueva Zelanda El 20 por ciento de la poblacià ³n de este paà ­s nacià ³ en otro lo que muestra la importancia de la emigracià ³n en Nueva Zelanda. Se brinda varias posibilidades para emigrar, incluidos 3 programas por inversià ³n a partir de 100 dà ³lares locales (aproximadamente $55,000 dà ³lares americanos). Tambià ©n se pueden obtener visas o residencias permanentes por trabajo, particularmente en profesiones en los que siempre hay demanda en Nueva Zelanda, como se muestran en las listas oficiales para empleos con deficiencia de personas que pueden optar al trabajo de manera inmediata o a largo plazo. Programas en Europa para atraer empresarios para crear start ups Existen varios programas para atraer a empresarios no comunitarios entre los que destacan el French Ticket, en Francia, el STEP de Irlanda, el UK Entrepreneur Visas en Reino Unido, el Start-up visa de Italia, que requiere una inversià ³n mà ­nima de 50 mil euros, el Star-up de Holanda, que permite en una de sus modalidades el autoempleo, la Ley de Emprendedores de Espaà ±a. Tarjeta Azul Europea Tambià ©n conocida como EU Blue Card y es el equivalente europeo a la green card de Estados Unidos en muchos aspectos. La pueden solicitar personas con un alto grado de especializacià ³n y que no son nacionales de los paà ­ses de la Unià ³n Europea. Los siguientes paà ­ses pueden emitir la Blue Card: Austria, Bà ©lgica, Bulgaria, Croacia, Eslovaquia, Espaà ±a, Estonia, Finlandia, Francia, Grecia, Holanda, Hungrà ­a, Italia, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburgo, Malta, Polonia, Portugal, Repà ºblica Checa, Rumanà ­a y Suecia. Uruguay A este paà ­s sudamericano es fà ¡cil emigrar, ya que al ingresar no piden billete de regreso ni mà ­nimo de dinero. Una vez dentro es posible regularizar fà ¡cilmente la situacià ³n solicitando una cà ©dula provisional, la cual permite buscar trabajo durante un aà ±o. Entre los documentos que se necesitarà ¡n està ¡ el de certificado de nacimiento, historial de penales y los tà ­tulos acadà ©micos, los cuales deben tener la apostilla de La Haya. Si bien es cierto que emigrar a Uruguay no es complicado deben tenerse en cuenta ciertos factores antes de mudarse al paà ­s, como es el hecho de que los salarios son bajos y el nivel de vida es caro. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Liberal Arts Education Becoming A Successful Consultant...

The perception of Liberal Arts education has started to evolve over the years. Initially, Liberal Arts education was considered as a form of elitist education where nobles tried to expand on their knowledge on different topics rather than developing certain skills. However, as time is passing Liberal Arts education is becoming synonymous with personal development and critical thinking. While some people still believe that for a secure financial standing practical education such as going to a business school is rudimentary, the idea of attaining Liberal Arts education for personal development is spreading too. With the help of this memo I would like to expand on how attaining a Liberal Arts education is preparing to become a successful consultant at Boston Consulting Group. Before jumping in to how Liberal Arts education in preparing me for my career, I would like to explain to what Liberal Arts education means to me. According to my interpretation, Liberal Arts education tries to focus on the bigger picture rather than focusing on certain aspects. As an economics major, I am able to take courses that help me understand the economics system in depth, while at the same time I can choose certain courses that could be help me go into depth in topics I hold interest in. As a consultant, one of the most important skill to have is critical thinking. Attaining a Liberal Arts education has forced me to develop my critical thinking skills. Since Liberal Arts education is on theShow MoreRelatedFrom Salvation to Self-Realization18515 Words   |  75 Pagesconsumption-oriented society dominated by bureaucratic corporations. 1 2It is easy to exaggerate the suddenness or completeness of this transformation. Early on it occurred primarily within the official norms and expectations of the dominant social groups-and even there it was halting and only half conscious. 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Case Study of Gogal Design

Question: Investigate online business models to identify a suitable model for GOGAL Designs.Identify and discuss a suitable marketing and promotion strategy and discuss the benefits and challenges of your recommended strategy for GOGAL Designs.Develop a wireframe (using the tools provided on the Study Desk) of the proposed website with at least three pages that shows how it will present to potential customers.Describe and discuss the implications of the legal and ethics issues that might arise in conducting this business online.Explain the technology infrastructure, including the hardware requirements, which would be required.Identify and explain the purpose and function of the type of software that would be suitable for GOGAL Designs.Identify the advantages and challenges of taking this organisation online. Answer: Introduction In this era of globalization, organizations have expanded beyond domestic boundaries. There was a time when suppliers and customers were limited to a single geography only. That was the time when majority of the business was done in brick and mortar shops. With the advancements of technology and spread of Internet and e commerce there has been a trend of online shopping. With the penetration of mobile network and smart phones, online shopping has got further push. The companies like Amazon and e-Bay have been able to expand themselves in different parts of the world. This expansion has been possible only because of e commerce (Houghton, 2006). There has been a tremendous growth in ecommerce and digital channels. It has become important for companies to adapt to online channel.As mentioned in the case study, Gogal Design has got appreciation from customers and most of the customers of Gogal are in the age of 18 to 45 years. This is the segment that has huge presence on web and interne t. Customers of Gogal have also encouraged Gogal to come online. It is important that Gogal should develop its website through which customers would be able to buy the product. Developing website and starting the distribution would involve certain risks. It is important for management of Gogal to overcome the risk by effective planning. There would be both internal and external risks to this project. The external risks could be managed by IT Development Company but Gogal would have to manage its internal risks. One of the most important issues would be the change management issue. It is important that Gogal should convenience its employees that this change is for good (Ballantine, 2005). Moreover, Gogal has witnessed a decline in revenue. This could be possible because company has not been able to expand in online domain. Therefore it is important that Gogal should expand into online space and launch its website. The objective of this report is to investigate online business models to identify a suitable model for GOGAL Designs. This report would also focus to discuss legal, ethical and technological challenges that should be taken care of. This report would also highlight the various software, hardware and environmental requirements. Analysis One of the most important drivers for Gogal to enter into online domain is the targeted customers. The company has targeted the customers from 18 to 45 years. This is the technology oriented crowd that focuses to buying products online. This is the crowd that would always want to save some cost and save can be cost using online medium. Today people may not prefer to go around searching some items if they can get those items by a single click on their smart phone. E commerce or online shopping channel is a recommended medium because it is convenient and it is cost effective. Gogal should be able to make up for the reduce revenue if it can gather a customer base through online channel. The company should ensure that it has a market entry strategy in place and it should ensure that it has the required support from internal and external stakeholders of the company. It is also important that Gogal should join hands with a logistic partner which can help Gogal to manage the distribution of goods. One of an important consideration in online business model is to manage logistics and distribution. Smart phones and tablets have further changed the environment of online shopping industry. Therefore it is important that Gogal must also have a mobile application that could be used by customers to make orders. The company must have an android and an i-OS application that could be downloaded by customers for free. It is also important for Gogal to perform the market analysis and to study the competitors. It is expected that Gogal would have to reduce the prices of its products in order to match the prices of competitors. Therefore, it is important for Gogal to realize and define its revenue model in online channel. It could be possible that in the initial years, Gogal is not able to realize any profit from online channel. In, initial couple of years, Gogal would focus to increase the user base. The revenue model of Gogal in online space can be discussed as: Online Business Revenue Model In business, revenue typically consists of the total amount of money received by the company for goods sold or services provided during a certain time period.Therefore, revenue models are a part of the business mode. Setting up an online business requires a great deal of effort (Rhee, 2010). One of the important concerns is to understand and conceptualize the way revenue would be generated. It is important that Gogal should not make a sudden jump from brick and mortar business model to e commerce business model. It is important that Gogal must emphasis on e commerce business channel but this transition should happen in phases. The case study highlights that Gogal has presence in 50 cities. Gogal can start the pilot project in couple of cities and then the e commerce project can be rolled out in other regions also. The business model for Gogal in immediate future would be to start with e commerce in couple of cities. Once the website is ready and company has identified the logistics partner for these cities it should expand in other areas. The business model for short term and long term can be defined as: At present All brick and mortar In next 6 months 20% e commerce, 80% brick and mortar In next 18 months 50% e commerce, 50 % brick and mortar The 18 months time frame would also enable Gogal to review its expansion into Gogal. The advantages and disadvantages of phased transition can be discussed as: Advantages The phased form of transition from brick and mortar shops to online space would enable Gogal to learn from its mistakes. For example, Gogal can learn from the mistakes from its pilot project in 2 cities. The company would ensure that the same mistakes are not repeated. It would be less costly to have a phased and systematic approach of transition. This would Gogal would be able to use its money effectively. Overall it would be less risky to have a phased approach of transition. In this approach, Gogal would always have an option of reverting back to original state. This option may not be present in big bang approach of transition. Disadvantages One of the disadvantages with this approach is that it takes a longer time to reach the targeted state of being an established e commerce player. Another disadvantage is that competitors would realize the strategy of Gogal and they can change their offerings accordingly. This option would include offshoring and outsourcing. This is also a risk. The above model suggests that in the initial period revenue would be realized with a combination of offline and online medium. This business model is less risk and an effective because model as in the initial period offline business model would be able to provide the investment on online medium space. Marketing and Promotional strategy It can be said that marketing and promotional strategies would be the key that could determine the success of Gogal in online medium. The designer clothing company is a competitive industry and it is important that Gogal should understand that marketing should not be considered as an overhead function. Marketing would be crucial to popularize the website of Gogal. It is important that Gogal should focus on internet marketing and social media marketing. Again the targeted customers for Gogal lie in the age group of 18 to 45 years. This is the customer set that uses social media websites like Facebook and Twitter. It is important that Gogal should target customers through social media channels (Anthony, 2007). The media persons of Gogal would have to be heavily involved to support marketing activities of Gogal. Marketing Mix It is also important that Gogal should define a powerful marketing mix that would act as the baseline for marketing strategy of Gogal. The marketing mix that should be used by Gogal in order to perform marketing in online channel and social media channels can be discussed as: Product Gogal is known for its high quality products. The products of Google are appreciated by customers. The company would not be changing its product in online channel. The firm has to focus on market development and not product development. Though, it is important that Gogal should ensure that quality of product is not getting compromised in online channel of distribution. Price It can be said that pricing strategy is one of the most important strategy. The competition is already high in this industry and it is important that Gogal should focus on pricing strategy. It is important that Gogal should focus to reducing the pricing of its products. It is important that the prices of the product should be kept lower than the prices of competitors. The pricing strategy of Gogal should also focus on discounting pricing. It is important that company should give discounts to customers who would buy the product using online marketspace. It would help Gogal to increase the customer traffic on its website. Place E commerce channel or Internet channel would the most important thing for Gogal. It is important that Gogal should shift its focus from offline, brick and mortar space to online space. At present, 100% of revenue is coming from offline sales, it is important that Gogal should visualize a future state in which 80% of the revenue would be coming from online space. Promotion It is important that Gogal must be able to use online channel of promotion. The company should focus heavily on Internet marketing and social media marketing. The company should launch promotional events on social media challenge. The objective of the firm should be to increase the brand awareness through promotional activities. Wireframe of the proposed website The wireframe of the website or the website index can be shown as: The three pages of the website can be shown as: Home Page FAQ Page Contact us Page Legal and ethical issues The online medium of business would be a good thing for Gogal but there are certain legal and ethical issues that have to be addresses. It is important that the website of Gogal should comply with all the local laws of the states and the national laws. It is important that the website of Gogal should be as per the cyber rules of each of the state in which it would operate. Knowingly or unknowingly, the website of Gogal should not break any legal law. It is also important that all the content put on the website of Gogal is genuine content. The content should not be copied content. It is also important that Gogal should protect its legal right by copyrighting the content on the website. Copyright would ensure that no other competitor can copy the content from the website of Gogal. It is also important that Gogal should not use the copyrighted images while developing the website. In an e commerce business or electronic business, there are certain ethical concerns that should be handled by the team. The data and privacy concerns of employees should be the most important ethical concerns. It is important that the data and information of the employees of Gogal should be kept confidential. It is also important that Gogal should focus to protect the data of its customers. The personal information of customers would be captured when any user would create the account on the website of company. It is important this information is stored in an encrypted form. It is important that any hacker should not be able to hack into the system of Gogal. The company should have high ethical standards in order to ensure that the personal information of customers is not shared with other companies. The information of all the stakeholders that would include customer and employees should be kept confidential so that customers and employees can continue to trust Gogal. Technology requirements The presence into online domain does require an initial IT investment. Therefore, it is important that management of Gogal should do a cost benefit analysis before starting the project. The company would have to procure certain tools and devices in order to ensure effective delivery through online channel. The technology requirements for Gogal can be listed as: First most, it is important that the website of the company should be hosted on a secure server. The website of the company should support following browser Web browsers IE8, Firefox, Chrome, Opera and Safari. At the very basic, the computer system of Gogal must have following configurations: Vista/Windows 7/ Linux/ Mac as the operatingsystem, 2GB of ram, 160GB of Hard Drive and the CPU is a Celeron 2.2Ghz.It is also important that Gogal must have a high speed internet connection that would be used by staff of the company to access the online orders.An intranet would be established in the premises of Gogal that would ensure that different departments can communicate with each other using emails.Computers, Tablets or Laptops would be required by the staff.It is recommended that Gogal should establish a separate IT department that would look after the IT requirements of the company Software requirements-In terms of software some basic software would be required. These are:Microsoft Office: It would include, Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint and Microsoft Excel. It is important that Gogal must buy and procure the original licenses; otherwise it would open itself for legal battle.Adobe Acrobat reader would also be required. Advantages and challenges of online business One of the biggest advantages of online model of business is that it can help to reduce the cost. In an online business model, the selling would happen directly from warehouse. Gogal may not be required to maintain the inventory in its physical stores. This way the cost can come down. The inventory holding cost and operations cost would come down so that Gogal can sell the products at reduced cost. The online business has certain advantages but it also bring certain challenges. It is important for organizations to overcome these challenges in order to realize true benefits of e commerce platform. The advantages and challenges of online business can be discussed as: Advantages With online business model, customers would be able to access and place the order 24X7. The customers may not be required to plan the timing and visit the store. They would be able to place the order from their home at midnight or early morning. In fact, customers would be able to place the order when they are travelling.The online business model is much more flexible than brick and mortar business model. The availability and flexibility increases the customer service through greater flexibility (Quinn, 2011).It would also result in heavy cost savings as the middleman would be removed.The online business model is process dependent business model and it is less dependent on people. Therefore online business model would bring more professionalism.The online business model is also environmental friendly as it results in paper saving.The online business model would also enable Gogal to handle the business model from anywhere. Challenges One of the most important challenges in online business is that the competition is very high in this model. The companies have to be really efficient and responsive in order to maintain their businesses on online model.The online business model is totally dependent on technology. It requires a string technology support from back end in order to ensure that business is up and running 24X7 (Maqsood, 2009).It is always difficult to manage the logistics and distribution in online model of business. Gogal must have a partnership with specialized logistics vendors who can help Gogal to reach out to customers. It creates a dependency on third party.A great deal of marketing is required to increase the awareness about the online business model. It is always difficult to reach out to customers and marketing on Internet would have its own cost impacts. Conclusion The above paper discusses the online business model of Gogal. As discussed above, Gogal should go ahead with its decision of website development. Gogal should take a phased manner of transformation in which Gogal would start the pilot in 2 cities and gradually other regions would be added to the project of online expansion. It is also important that Gogal should complete the process of procurement before starting the project. At the same time, Gogal must also focus on training of its employees. It is important that the employees of Gogal must be given training of computer system and soft skills. With the above discussion it can be said that the decision to move online is a wise decision. Now, it depends on the way this decision is executed. It is important that a plan should be developed that would determine the actual steps for Gogal to enter into online domain. The cost benefit analysis and customer analysis would be key for Gogal to expand into online space. Recommendations The specific recommendations for Gogal can be discussed as: It is recommended that Gogal should focus on phased manner of transformation. It is recommended that the journey form brick and mortar space to online player should be competed in the timeline of 18 months to 2 years. It is recommended that company should focus heavily on social media marketing. Internet marketing would be a key for Gogal to expand itself into online domain. The company must focus on Facebook and Twitter as a medium to reach out to customers. It is recommended that Gogal should also focus on the mobile application development along with website development. Mobile phones and tablets would be the good devices to connect with customers. It is recommended that Gogal must have a strong CRM (Customer Relationship Management) system that would enable Gogal to collect feedback from customers. Probably, Gogal should also focus on incorporating an ERP system into its environment. To adjust to the high cost of ERP system, Gogal can take ERP as a service. It is recommended that Gogal must focus on the change management. 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